ʻO ka oxidation a me ka hopena o ka ʻelemakule e hiki ke hana i ke kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka plastic, rubber a me nā mea polymer ʻē aʻe, ka hopena i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka ʻike kino, ka ikaika anti-warping, ka ikaika tensile a me ka elongation a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe.